How to sync JavaScript callbacks?

The second problem is not really a problem as long as every one of those is in a separate function and the variable is declared correctly (with var); local variables in functions do not interfere with each other.

The first problem is a bit more of a problem. Other people have gotten annoyed, too, and ended up making libraries to wrap that sort of pattern for you. I like async. With it, your code might look like this:

async.each(someArray, myFunc1, myFunc2);

It offers a lot of other asynchronous building blocks, too. I'd recommend taking a look at it if you're doing lots of asynchronous stuff.

With this helper function:

function afterAll(callback,what) {
  what.counter = (what.counter || 0) + 1;
  return function() {
    callback(); 
    if(--what.counter == 0) 
      what();
  };
}

your loop will look like this:

function whenAllDone() { ... }
for (... in ...) {
  myFunc1(afterAll(callback,whenAllDone)); 
}

here afterAll creates proxy function for the callback, it also decrements the counter. And calls whenAllDone function when all callbacks are complete.

You can achieve this by using a jQuery deferred object.

var deferred = $.Deferred();
var success = function () {
    // resolve the deferred with your object as the data
    deferred.resolve({
        result:...;
    });
};

The good news is that JavaScript is single threaded; this means that solutions will generally work well with "shared" variables, i.e. no mutex locks are required.

If you want to serialize asynch tasks, followed by a completion callback you could use this helper function:

function serializeTasks(arr, fn, done)
{
    var current = 0;

    fn(function iterate() {
        if (++current < arr.length) {
            fn(iterate, arr[current]);
        } else {
            done();
        }
    }, arr[current]);
}

The first argument is the array of values that needs to be passed in each pass, the second argument is a loop callback (explained below) and the last argument is the completion callback function.

This is the loop callback function:

function loopFn(nextTask, value) {
    myFunc1(value, nextTask);
}

The first argument that's passed is a function that will execute the next task, it's meant to be passed to your asynch function. The second argument is the current entry of your array of values.

Let's assume the asynch task looks like this:

function myFunc1(value, callback)
{
  console.log(value);
  callback();
}

It prints the value and afterwards it invokes the callback; simple.

Then, to set the whole thing in motion:

serializeTasks([1,2, 3], loopFn, function() {
    console.log('done');
});

Demo

To parallelize them, you need a different function:

function parallelizeTasks(arr, fn, done)
{
    var total = arr.length,
    doneTask = function() {
      if (--total === 0) {
        done();
      }
    };

    arr.forEach(function(value) {
      fn(doneTask, value);
    });
}

And your loop function will be this (only parameter name changes):

function loopFn(doneTask, value) {
    myFunc1(value, doneTask);
}

Demo