Python abc module: Extending both an abstract base class and an exception-derived class leads to surprising behavior
It looks like this is because the __new__
method for BaseException
doesn't care about abstract methods/properties.
When you try to instantiate myConcreteClass_1
, it ends up calling __new__
from the Exception
class. When want to instantiate myConcreteClass_2
, it calls the __new__
from object
:
>>> what.myConcreteClass_1.__new__()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: exceptions.Exception.__new__(): not enough arguments
>>> what.myConcreteClass_2.__new__()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: object.__new__(): not enough arguments
The Exception
class doesn't provide a __new__
method, but it's parent, BaseException
, does:
static PyObject *
BaseException_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
PyBaseExceptionObject *self;
self = (PyBaseExceptionObject *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
if (!self)
return NULL;
/* the dict is created on the fly in PyObject_GenericSetAttr */
self->dict = NULL;
self->traceback = self->cause = self->context = NULL;
self->suppress_context = 0;
if (args) {
self->args = args;
Py_INCREF(args);
return (PyObject *)self;
}
self->args = PyTuple_New(0);
if (!self->args) {
Py_DECREF(self);
return NULL;
}
return (PyObject *)self;
}
Compare this to the __new__
implementation for object
:
static PyObject *
object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
if (excess_args(args, kwds) &&
(type->tp_init == object_init || type->tp_new != object_new)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "object() takes no parameters");
return NULL;
}
if (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_IS_ABSTRACT) {
PyObject *abstract_methods = NULL;
PyObject *builtins;
PyObject *sorted;
PyObject *sorted_methods = NULL;
PyObject *joined = NULL;
PyObject *comma;
_Py_static_string(comma_id, ", ");
_Py_IDENTIFIER(sorted);
/* Compute ", ".join(sorted(type.__abstractmethods__))
into joined. */
abstract_methods = type_abstractmethods(type, NULL);
if (abstract_methods == NULL)
goto error;
builtins = PyEval_GetBuiltins();
if (builtins == NULL)
goto error;
sorted = _PyDict_GetItemId(builtins, &PyId_sorted);
if (sorted == NULL)
goto error;
sorted_methods = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(sorted,
abstract_methods,
NULL);
if (sorted_methods == NULL)
goto error;
comma = _PyUnicode_FromId(&comma_id);
if (comma == NULL)
goto error;
joined = PyUnicode_Join(comma, sorted_methods);
if (joined == NULL)
goto error;
PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
"Can't instantiate abstract class %s "
"with abstract methods %U",
type->tp_name,
joined);
error:
Py_XDECREF(joined);
Py_XDECREF(sorted_methods);
Py_XDECREF(abstract_methods);
return NULL;
}
return type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
}
As you can see object.__new__
has code to throw an error when there are abstract methods that aren't overridden, but BaseException.__new__
does not.