Internal Representation of ?name and ??name

To programmatically find the internal representation of the shortforms, you can use MakeExpression, which gives the result wrapped in HoldComplete. Here's an example:

MakeExpression@"?name"
(* HoldComplete[Information["name", LongForm -> False]] *)

MakeExpression@"??name"
(* HoldComplete[Information["name", LongForm -> True]] *)

Here are a couple of alternatives to R.M's method for seeing what Mathematica makes of input.

The input forms of every line entered are stored in the DownValues of In.
Starting with a new session or after using Quit[], evaluating each in a separate Cell:

?Mod

??Plus

DownValues[In]

{HoldPattern[In[1]] :> Information["Mod", LongForm -> False], 
 HoldPattern[In[2]] :> Information["Plus", LongForm -> True], 
 HoldPattern[In[3]] :> DownValues[In]}

Alternatively you could set a $Pre function to echo input:

$Pre = Function[, Print@Unevaluated@#; #, HoldAll];

?Plus

Information["Plus", LongForm -> False]

x+y+z represents a sum of terms.  >>