Is it possible to use FUSE with Windows?

As far as I understand, Windows doesn't ship with anything that would let you define your own filesystem without adding some code to the kernel (i.e., a driver). So you would need admin rights.

In 2010 The FUSE FAQ mention a few potential alternatives, but they all looked like vaporware except for Dokan. Dokan has been abandoned but some forks live on: Dokanx, Dokany, and more as well as at least two .NET bindings. Dokany has an SSHFS component.

There is a FUSE compatibility layer for the Windows File System Proxy (winfsp).

This project seems to be live (as of 2019) - although it looks to be almost entirely a 1-developer show.

Code is hosted on github under GPLv3 - "If you find the constraints of the GPLv3 too onerous, a commercial license is also available."

Someone in my office has got winfsp running, but not using the FUSE compatibility layer.

While not ideal, a way you could achieve "FUSE for Windows" could be by running a small Linux installation in a VM, with just FUSE and Samba installed, where Samba then exposes the mounted FUSE folders as shares.