Is it possible to use Type.GetType with a dynamically loaded assembly?

Is there some other way that I could load a type when I only have the assembly qualified name as a string (that I know has been previously loaded by using the Assembly.Load methods)?

Yes. There is a GetType overload that allows that. It takes an "assembly resolver" function as parameter:

public static Type LoadSomething(string assemblyQualifiedName)
{
    // This will return null
    // Just here to test that the simple GetType overload can't return the actual type
    var t0 = Type.GetType(assemblyQualifiedName);

    // Throws exception is type was not found
    return Type.GetType(
        assemblyQualifiedName,
        (name) =>
        {
            // Returns the assembly of the type by enumerating loaded assemblies
            // in the app domain            
            return AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies().Where(z => z.FullName == name.FullName).FirstOrDefault();
        },
        null,
        true);
}

private static void Main(string[] args)
{
    // Dynamically loads an assembly
    var assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(@"C:\...\ClassLibrary1.dll");

    // Load the types using its assembly qualified name
    var loadedType = LoadSomething("ClassLibrary1.Class1, ClassLibrary1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null");

    Console.ReadKey();
}