Is the editor Atom able to open projects on a remote server?

Not 100% what you're looking for, but there's the Remote-Edit package: https://atom.io/packages/remote-edit

This will allow you to define the connection parameters for the server, and will then allow you to browse and edit the files found on the server.

Well yes there is!

You just need to configure sshfs, optionally with autofs. Then you can access the files as if they are stored locally. I've used this with Atom and it works seamlessly.

Instructions for Ubuntu

Install sshfs

$ sudo apt-get install sshfs

Mount the remote directory on a local mountpoint

$ sshfs [user@]host:[dir] mountpoint

Combining it with autofs

The following link has instructions for a setup using autofs.

Note: This requires you to setup SSH for the root user.

http://www.mccambridge.org/blog/2007/05/totally-seamless-sshfs-under-linux-using-fuse-and-autofs/

Additionally to that post, I've added some tricks for an even more seamless experience.

Enhance performance

I've noticed a significant performance boost by adding this SSH config to /root/.ssh/config:

Ciphers arcfour
Compression no

Note: This does make the connection less secure.

Make it appear as a disk

If you set the mount point to a directory in /media, the mount point will show up as a disk in your file browser. For example /media/sshfs.

I would recommend the Remote sync plugin for this. I have a python environment set up on a linux box and i connect to it from my PC.

It allows me to upload changes automatically when i save a file and also define files to be monitored for changes.

Complement to Remco's sshfs answer above:

If you use different users in the client and server hosts, consider using the 'idmap' option of sshfs.

I use different users in my working host and in the development or testing VMs.

Example:

using option '-o idmap=user' will automatically translate UID/GID of the remote host to the UID/GID of the connecting user in the local host

Files owned by remote user (devuser) in remote host (devhost1) will appear as belonging to the connecting user (locuser) in local host (clienthost)

locuser@clienthost:~$ sshfs devuser@devhost1:/var/www  ~/dev/www -o idmap=user

locuser@clienthost:~$ ls -lR ~/dev/www
(...)
-rw-rw-r-- 1 locuser locuser   269 abr  1 11:37 index.html
-rw-rw-r-- 1 locuser locuser   249 abr  3 03:59 page1.html
-rw-rw-r-- 1 locuser locuser  1118 abr  2 15:07 page2.html
-rw-rw-r-- 1 locuser locuser   847 abr  3 03:20 page3.html
(...)

The mapping can also be made explicit (userx <-> usery). For more details see man sshfs