iTunes Connect: Excluding iPad From Supported Devices
I don't see a good reason to exclude iPad since iPhone apps will run in emulated mode in iPad after all. It's the same situation as a 3.x firmware running apps compiled from 2.x SDK.
To restrict at device level, you add the UIDeviceFamily key, but this doesn't support excluding iPad (just excluding iPhone).
You can't restrict the app to not work on the iPad. Backwards compatibility with all iPhone apps is a feature of the iPad. Your app will run in a 100% frame or in an optional 2x mode depending on user preference.
iPhone OS apps that link against the 2.x or 3.x framework and test clean on the iPhone and iPod touch should work w/o any trouble on the iPad.
If you tested on the iPod, taking into account the lack of cell radio, camera, etc., you should be totally fine.