JMeter understanding ramp-up

The ramp-up period tells JMeter how long to take to “ramp-up” to the full number of threads.

@Little Chicken Understanding 1 is correct.

If 10 threads are used, and the ramp-up period is 10 seconds, then JMeter will take 10 seconds to get all 10 threads up and running.

Each thread will start 1 second after the previous thread was begun.

Ramp-up Period - The time frame (in seconds) for all requests to start. All the threads specified in the Number of Threads input will start within Ramp-up period.

For instance:

100 threads and 100 seconds ramp-up: each second JMeter will start 1 Thread until all threads are started by the time the 100 seconds are up.

100 threads and 50 seconds ramp-up: each second 2 Threads are started.

100 threads and 200 seconds ramp-up: every 2 seconds, 1 Thread is started.

Now,

The sample or request generation is a different concept than Thread generation.In you case, 100 threads were up within 10 seconds.The key factor here is the Throughput. As per JMeter glossary:

Throughput is calculated as requests/unit of time. The time is calculated from the start of the first sample to the end of the last sample. This includes any intervals between samples, as it is supposed to represent the load on the server.

The formula is: Throughput = (number of requests) / (total time).

Here the Number of Executed Samples or Requests are 1050975 and the Test duration is 50820 seconds. So this is related to Throughput.The output 1050975 requests in 50820s mean the Average Throughput throughout your test was approximate 20.5/s.

To take control over Throughput or Transactions per second there are very handy JMeter plugins called Constant Throughput Timer.

Constant Throughput Timer introduces variable pauses, calculated to keep the total throughput (in terms of samples per minute) as close as possible to a given figure. Of course, the throughput will be lower if the server is not capable of handling it, or if other timers or time-consuming test elements prevent it.

The ramp-up in the Thread Group is the time JMeter should take to start the total number of threads. In your situation this means that every 0.1 second a new thread starts giving 100 running threads after 10 seconds. These 100 threads perform your test iterations back-to-back, so after the ramp-up 100 threads run continously for the duration of the test.