Josephus problem with three inputs

Piet, 280 273 codels

Edit: I have golfed this down some more, and I think I can golf it down even further, but that is still to come. For now, I'm just glad it works, and that I had room to sign it in the bottom left-hand corner. Two ideas I have to save more codels are a) to change the end instructions be pop, push 1, add, out num (pop n, output r+1) and b) to duplicate again at the bottom left corner to save codels in stack manipulation later on in the loop.

The picture above is my code at 8 pixels per codel. In general, it's the same algorithm as my Python answer, but with the inputs in the order of k, q, n. In practice, there is a also a great deal of stack manipulation. You can try it here by opening the image there and running the code with it.

Explanation

This is a step-by-step ungolfing of the solution.

in num    get k
dup       Stack: k k
push 1
subtract  Stack: k k-1
in num    get q
dup       Stack: k k-1 q q
dup       Stack: k k-1 q q q
push 4
push 2
roll      Stack: k q q k-1 q
mod       Stack: k q q r
in num    get n
# note: the loop will return to the following codel
dup       Stack: k q q r n n
push 4
push 3
roll      Stack: k q r n n q
greater   1 or 0
pointer   Here the loop begins. If q>n, the pointer moves clockwise.
          Else, it points straight ahead

LOOP:     Stack: k i r n (i=q at the start of the loop)
push 4
push 2
roll      Stack: r n k i
push 1
add       Stack: r n k i=i+1
push 2
push 1
roll      Stack: r n i k
dup       Stack: r n i k k
push 5
push 4
roll      Stack: n i k k r
add       Stack: n i k m=r+k
push 3
push 2
roll      Stack: n k m i
dup       Stack: n k m i i
push 3
# here it turns the corner
push 1
roll      Stack: n k i m i
mod       Stack: n k i r=m%i
push 4
# here it turns the corner and avoids the black codels
push 1
roll      Stack: r n k i
dup       Stack: r n k i i
push 5
push 3
roll      Stack: k i i r n
dup       Stack: k i i r n n
# and we meet up with the dark green codel once more
push 4
push 3
roll      Stack: k i r n n i
greater   Stack: k i r n (0 or 1)
pointer   if else again

# else    Stack: k i r n
push 2    
push 1
roll      Stack: k i n r
# and turn the corner
push 1
add       Stack: k i n r+1
out num   print r+1
# turn the corner into the end pattern (the shape with the black edges)
END

Pyth, 16 bytes

eu.<PGvzh-QvwShQ

Try it online: Demonstration or Test Suite

Input is of the form k<newline>n<newline>q.

Explanation:

eu.<PGvzh-QvwShQ   implicit: z = first input line (string)
                             Q = second input line (integer)
              hQ   Q + 1
             S     the range [1, 2, ..., Q+1]
 u      h-Qvw      apply the following statement (Q-input()+1) times to G=^
    PG                remove the last number of G
  .<  vz              and rotate eval(z) to the left
e                  print the last number of the resulting list  

CJam, 22 20 19 bytes

q~_,@a@*{m<)\}%\~=)

This reads the input as q k n. Try it online in the CJam interpreter.

How it works

q~                   Read and evaluate all input. This pushes q, k, and n.
  _,                 Push A := [0 ... n-1].
    @a               Rotate on top of the stack and wrap it in an array.
      @*             Rotate the original n on top and repeat [k] n times.
        {    }%      For each of the n k's:
         m<            Rotate A k units to the left.
           )\          Pop the last element and swap it with A.
               \~    Swap the resulting array with q and apply bitwise NOT.
                 =)  Select the corresponding element and add 1 to it.