Maven update version of specific dependency

The goal versions:use-latest-snapshots updates only release versions, see Advancing dependency versions :

versions:use-latest-snapshots searches the pom for all non-SNAPSHOT versions which have been a newer -SNAPSHOT version and replaces them with the latest -SNAPSHOT version.

but in your POM is a snapshot version:

Spring Boot project's dependency:

<dependency>
     <groupId>com.example</groupId>
     <artifactId>drools-sample-proj</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

so the dependency is not changed.

You could use the goal versions:use-latest-versions, see Versions Maven Plugin :

Replaces any version with the latest version.

Your modified command line:

mvn versions:use-latest-versions -DallowSnapshots=true -Dincludes=com.example:drools-sample-proj