Mercurial (hg) commit only certain files

As of 3.8 you can also use hg commit --interactive to select the files (before 3.8 you can use crecord extension for similar functionality). The --interactive (or just -i) flag will cause hg to prompt you for the files you want to include in the commit. As an added bonus you can even include/exclude chunks within the files.

Here is an example of what the interface looks like. Note this is an old screenshot (of crecord actually) so interface has changed slightly (but basics are the same).

Note to get that interface you need the curses interface enabled. You can do that for single run with hg commit --config ui.interface=curses --interactive or generally by adding the the following to your .hgrc:

[ui]
interface = curses

If you want to commit a few files, and exclude many others, explicitly list the files you want to commit. -I is only needed if you want to use patterns instead of files.

If you want to commit many files, and exclude only a few files, using -X is more convenient.

E.g. given a repository containing "file_1", "file_2" and "file_3", the following are equivalent, but the latter is easier / faster to type:

hg commit file_1 file_2
hg commit -X file_3

You can specify the files on the command line, as tonfa writes:

$ hg commit foo.c foo.h dir/

That just works and that's what I do all the time. You can also use the --include flag that you've found, and you can use it several times like this:

$ hg commit -I foo.c -I "**/*.h"

You can even use a fileset to select the files you want to commit:

$ hg commit "set:size(1k - 1MB) and not binary()"

There is no setting that will turn off the auto-add behavior and make Mercurial work like Git does. However, the mq extension might be of interest. That's an advanced extension, but it allows you do to

$ hg qnew feature-x     # create new patch
$ hg qrefresh -s foo.c  # add a file to the current patch
$ hg qrefresh -s bar.c  # add another file to the patch
$ hg qfinish -a         # convert applied patches to normal changesets

I don't really use MQ for this purpose myself, though, since I think it's enough to just specify the filenames on the command line.