PERSONAL.xlsb not opening automatically
Sometimes a Personal workbook gets disabled.
Try this in Office 2016;
File>> Options>> Add-ins
Go to manage (bottom of box) and choose Disabled Items
If your personal.xlsb file is in the list, select it and click on the enable button
Restart Excel
I had the same situation as OP in that I could not externally launch macros in my personal.xlsb file, but could open the file manually and run the macros without any issue. My Tusted Location setting were also unchanged and still in order.
What happened: My personal.xlsb file became unloaded while working (not sure how). All my Addon & Trust settings were correct. Closing and re-opening Excel would not reload my personal.xlsb file. I realized after opening and closing Excel several times that the Task was not ending and I was stuck in the same instance of Excel.
The solution: Ended EXCEL.EXE from the Task Manager, opened a new workbook and my personal.xlsb file launched normally.