Rename Azure Storage Table?

Now, you can rename Azure Tables with Microsoft's "Microsoft Azure Storage Explorer" (after version 0.8.3). You can also rename containers and file shares with this tool. See the release notes here.

Note that this feature has the following disclaimer during usage.

Renaming works by copying to the new name, then deleting the source item. Renaming a table currently loses the table's properties and metadata, and may take a while if there are lots of entities.

Therefore this is not an actual renaming behind the scenes and incurs read/write/transaction costs.

You're correct. It is not possible to rename an Azure Storage Table (or Blob Container or Queue for that matter).

Possible solution would be to download all entities from the table and upload them again in another table. Once all entities are uploaded, you can then delete the old table. When downloading entities, please do keep Continuation Token in mind as querying table would return up to 1000 entities per request.

You can download all entities using either Cloud Storage Studio (or Azure Management Studio) from Cerebrata or TableXplorer. If you want, you can use Azure Management Cmdlets from Cerebrata as well. It has cmdlets to export a table (Export-Table) and restore a table (Restore-Table).