Should I use AsyncTask or IntentService for my application?

You should use an AsyncTask for short repetitive tasks that are tightly bound to an activity, like what you're currently trying to do. IntentService are more geared towards scheduled tasks (repetitive or not) that should run on the background, independent of your activity.

They can be used very differently for different purposes.

AsyncTask is a handy threading utility that can be used if you need to constantly tell the user something or periodically perform operations on the main thread. It offers a lot of fine-grain control, and because of it's nature is very easy to work with in the Activity whereas an IntentService generally requires using the BroadcastReceiver or IBinder framework.

IntentService can be used very much like an AsyncTask, but it's purpose is meant for background downloading, uploading, or other blocking operations that don't need user interaction or main thread. For example, if you want to download and cache maps, you may want to call an IntentService so the user doesn't have to be looking at the app for it to download. Likewise, if you're sending data to your server, an IntentService is extremely helpful in this regard because you can start and forget. The user can, say, type a comment in your app then press "send". "Send" will launch the IntentService which gets the comment and send it off in to your server on a background thread. The user could press "send" and leave the app immediately and the comment will, eventually, still reach your servers (assuming no errors of course). If you did this with an AsyncTask in your Activity on the other hand, the system could kill off your process in the middle of your exchange and it may-or-may not go through.

Generally speaking, neither are meant for long running applications. They're meant for short, one-off operations. They could be used for permanent, or long-running actions but it's not recommended.

AsyncTasks are very tightly bound to Activitys and can often cause leaked window errors if you navigate away from the Activity that created the AsyncTask. But they are great for showing a ProgressBar because you can quickly update the progress percentage.

IntentServices are cleaner and safer. They are more difficult to implement when you are a beginner Android developer, but once you learn how to start them and handle them you will probably never go back to AsyncTasks!

IntentServices also allow for a more modular design in your app. I typically create a separate class for all my IntentServices, but for AsyncTasks I create them as an Activity inner class. If I were to separate out an AsyncTask from an Activity, I would have to pass in the Activity Context and View objects in the AsyncTask constructor which can be messy.

AsyncTask doesn't play well with configuration changes or other things that restart the Activity.

IntentService is good for a something that should always be available, regardless of how long it takes to do its work. I prefer IntentService in most cases because AsyncTask is so much more dependent on Activity state.

Some notes:

• AsyncTask is best for quick tasks that should go right back to the UI, but it can be used in a variety of situations.
• The statement "periodically perform operations on the main thread" is vague. AsyncTask spawns a new background thread that is different from the main thread, and does its work on the new thread. Thus the name AsyncTask.
• An IntentService doesn't require "manipulating" the BroadcastReceiver framework. All you need to do is send a local broadcast Intent, and detect it in your Activity. Whether this is harder to do than an AsyncTask, I don't know.
• IntentService is meant to do long-running tasks, which it does in the background.
• AsyncTaskLoader is OK to use, but it's meant to be the base class for CursorLoader, etc. If you want to refresh "nearby" trails when users move to a new location, an IntentService is probably better.

Don't forget to check for connectivity before trying to update location.