Since SQL Server doesn't have packages, what do programmers do to get around it?
While SQL Server has nothing to offer by way of the "cool features" of encapsulation and package state like you are used to, you can organize your stored procedures into schemas.
In enterprise manager, these procs are still all listed together which makes for a HUGE treelist if you have hundreds of procs. I too miss the organization and cool features of Oracle packages. However, all platforms have their strengths.
NOTE: Writing stored procedures in the .NET language DOES give you encapsulation and state. It still does not however separate them in the EM treeview in any special way.
Come up with a good naming convention, use it, and enforce it.
Schemas may be used to organize stored procedures and other objects. Personally, I prefer to use schemas when they organize objects by functional area, and where those funcational areas correspond to security boundaries. An example of this is found in the AdventureWorks sample databse, which has schemas like "HumanResources" and "Sales". The theory being that a given user may need access to objects in "HumanResources", but may not need access to "Sales" information.
An alternative is to use a naming convention and enforce it, as James says above. I'll add that SQL Server Management Studio has a filter button that can be used to filter the list of objects displayed. For instance, one can click on the "Stored Procedures" folder and filter on Name contains "Add".
On my current project, I have pulled a number of SQL queries out of SSIS packages and into stored procedures. In order to distinguish between these stored procedures and those that should be of general use, I have prefixed the names with "ssis". It would certainly have been more pleasant if I could have created something similar to a namespace in C# or C++, and created "SSIS.SelectUserLookupData" instead of "ssis_SelectUserLookupData". It would be even nicer if these namespaces could be nested.
If this is one of the featues of Packages in Oracle, then perhaps someone would let me know.