Spacing between thead and tbody

I think I have it in this fiddle and I updated yours:

tbody:before {
    content: "-";
    display: block;
    line-height: 1em;
    color: transparent;
}

EDIT better & simpler:

tbody:before {
    content:"@";
    display:block;
    line-height:10px;
    text-indent:-99999px;
}

This way text is really invisible

This will give you some white space between the header and table content

thead tr {
  border-bottom: 10px solid white;
}

Although setting the border colour is a bit of a cheat method, it will work fine.

Form investigation, you can't set box-shadow to a table row, but you can to table cells:

th {
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px 0px #000000 ;
}

(I'm not sure how you want the shadow to look like, so just adjust the above.)

Moreover you can use Zero-Width Non-Joiner to minimize sinsedrix CSS:

tbody:before {line-height:1em; content:"\200C"; display:block;}

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