starting apachectl from bash
The command not found error is because "apachectl" is not in your path. Simply use the full path of the command, e.g.
/etc/init.d/apachectl start
If you get a permission denied error, then you need to run as a different user. That is a different problem though.
In shell scripts you should use full paths in order to execute command unless directory with executable already in $PATH. For instance, find where apachectl binary is located:
which apachectl
or
whereis apachectl
and you will get something like:
/usr/local/sbin/apachectl
So, use that.