Syllabus in LaTeX

The termcal package is very useful for dealing with the schedule of a syllabus, especially if you teach a course regularly or have multiple sections of a course. It generates a calendar for the course based on a starting date. Other than that, I don't think there's much need for anything more than regular sectioning commands (as others have mentioned).

I would not think a syllabus needs any eye-candy design, so a simple LaTeX document would do the task.

I have found two templates thought worth to mention, the first from the University of Connecticut and the other one from Matt Mastin. I hope you could use these and good luck designing, customizing your own syllabus template!