What is Extended Stored Procedure in MS SQL Server
Extended stored procedures are stored procedures that call functions from DLL files. You can read the article How to use extended stored procedures to learn more.
However, extended stored procedures are deprecated and you should avoid using them if possible. CLR Integration should be used instead.
They reside inside the master database, you can use the command "sp_helpextendedproc", in respective database.
See below screen shot: