Where to change colors of the Cursor and the Current Line?
For the cursor color (or "Caret") go to:
Preferences > Editor > Color Scheme > General > Editor > Caret
For the current line backround (or "Caret Row") go to:
Preferences > Editor > Color Scheme > General > Editor > Caret Row
PHPStorm on Windows
On OS X (PHPStorm 7)
In newer version:
Settings -> Editor -> Color Scheme -> General -> Editor -> Caret row