Command line Arduino compiling and uploading?

Compiling and uploading sketches (as apposed to C/C++ sources) on the command line (on Windows, Mac, and Linux) is supported directly via flags to the arduino executable since 1.5.0.

An ino can be compiled and uploaded with arduino --upload [sketch.ino]

Documentation

There is a command-line Arduino toolkit named Ino. It just does that.