Ctrl-tab in IntelliJ IDEA

You can't get a pop-up, but you can switch between open tabs with Alt + → and Alt + ←, and you can press Ctrl + E to get a list of recently opened files, which is almost the same thing.

EDIT: (In response to comment) Oh, if that is what, it is just a question of changing the KeyMap. You go to File -> Settings and under there you have a keymap option. You will have to create a new KeyMap (can't change the default) by clicking copy, and then look in the other section for "Select Next Tab in multi-editor file" and change/add the keymap you want. Ctrl + Tab is legit - it is just defaulted to switching between splits.

EDIT 2: (In response to second comment) The function you are looking for in IDEA (at least as close as it gets) is Go Back, which is in the other group of the key map as well. That being said, you said you were looking for how it works in firefox (don't know about Visual Studio) and "Select Next Tab" is the firefox behavior.

If you are looking for the functionality you normally get by clicking Ctrl + Tab with web browsers, you can change "Select Next Tab" in keymaps settings:

Window > Editor Tabs > Select Next Tab

Have you tried downloading and installing the TabSwitch plugin? It will allow you to cycle through your open editors and display them in a pop-up window when you hit Alt + A. This default keymapping is easy enough to change to Ctrl + Tab in the Keymap IDE Settings.