Font used in mathematical papers in Elsevier journals
According to some information on the webpage The elsarticle
LaTeX document class, the font used by most Elsevier journals is called Gulliver. The designer of this font is Gerard Unger.
More information about this font may be found at this website. This font is proprietary, and I'm not aware of any "free" copies of this font. In particular, there's no LaTeX font package that lets you load the Gulliver font.
It's Gerard Unger's Gulliver. Furthermore,
Ownership of Gulliver is a somewhat exclusive business. Unger only sells it through his own site, and at a minimum of twenty licenses a time to “organisations and companies whose printing work will do justice to its space-saving capabilities.”
Try BT Charter as a substitute.
You can try taking a high definition snapshot of a line or two of the text and see if http://www.whatfontis.com/ or http://www.myfonts.com/WhatTheFont/ can yield you a font that is similar enough. I tried it with the screenshot provided, but the results were less than optimal (the first link provided me with a list of 100 possible matches, but none seemed good enough, and the second one just gave an error).