How do I pass multiple arguments into a javascript callback function?

Another way now available is to use spread syntax.

this.callback(...callbackFuncParameters)

Here it is again with the full example from the OP:

function doSomething(v1,v2) {
    console.log('doing', {v1, v2});
}

function SomeClass(callbackFunction, callbackFuncParameters) {
   this.callback = callbackFunction;
   this.method = function(){
       this.callback(...callbackFuncParameters); // spread!
   }
}

var obj = new SomeClass( doSomething, Array('v1text','v2text') );
obj.method()
// output: doing {v1: "v1text", v2: "v2text"}

You probably want to use the apply method

this.callback.apply(this, parameters);

The first parameter to apply indicates the value of "this" within the callback and can be set to any value.