Implement siblings() in vanilla javascript

const colorsDiv = document.getElementById('js-colors-div');
const children = [...colorsDiv.children];

children.forEach((el) => {
  el.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
    children.forEach((btn) => {
      btn.classList.remove('active');
    })
    e.target.classList.add('active');
  });
});
button {
  color: white
}

.yellow {
  background: #ffaf00
}

.pink {
  background: pink
}

.green {
  background: green
}

.blue {
  background: blue
}

.active {
  background: black
}
<div id="js-colors-div">
  <button class="yellow">yellow</button>
  <button class="green">green</button>
  <button class="blue">blue</button>
  <button class="pink">pink</button>
</div>

In vanilla JS you could loop over the parent's children and just skip the element itself. You can use classList methods for adding/removing the class:

    this.classList.add('btn-anim');
    for (let sibling of this.parentNode.children) {
        if (sibling !== this) sibling.classList.remove('btn-anim');
    }

Note however that you can (also in jQuery) simplify a bit: just remove the class from all buttons, and then add it to the current one:

    for (let sibling of this.parentNode.children) {
        sibling.classList.remove('btn-anim');
    }
    this.classList.add('btn-anim');

You can use previousElementSibling and nextElementSibling elements.

var colorsDiv = document.getElementById('js-colors-div');
var colors = colorsDiv.getElementsByTagName("button");

for (var i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
  colors[i].addEventListener('click', function(e) {
    var highlight = e.target;

    //trying to achieve this         
    this.classList.add('btn-anim');
    addClassSiblings.bind(this, 'btn-anim')();
  });
}

function addClassSiblings(classNames) {
  var cs = this.nextElementSibling;
  while(cs) {
    cs.classList.remove(classNames);
    cs = cs.nextElementSibling;
  }
  
  cs = this.previousElementSibling;
  while(cs) {
    cs.classList.remove(classNames);
    cs = cs.previousElementSibling;
  }
}
.yellow {
  color: yellow
}

.pink {
  color: pink
}

.green {
  color: green
}

.blue {
  color: blue
}

.btn-anim {
  color: black
}
<div id="js-colors-div">
  <button class="yellow">yellow</button>
  <button class="green">green</button>
  <button class="blue">blue</button>
  <button class="pink">pink</button>
</div>