Does PrivateFontOptions -> {"OperatorSubstitution" ->False} fail in version 10?

I contacted Wolfram Support, who replied:

Thanks for your email. We actually changed the implementation of the option "OperatorSubstitution" in Mathematica 10, and now it's a global option. What happens is that the default FormatType used in graphics is "TraditionalForm", and this style has the default setting of "OperatorSubstitution" to True. To workaround this issue, we can edit the stylesheet or change the option of this style.

SetOptions[$FrontEndSession, 
 StyleDefinitions -> 
  Notebook[{Cell[StyleData[StyleDefinitions -> "Default.nb"]], 
   Cell[StyleData["TraditionalForm"], 
   PrivateFontOptions -> {"OperatorSubstitution" -> False}]}]]

According to my testing, this works on Mac OS, but now that I also have a Windows version (10.0.2), I cannot make the same thing work there.

Since this appears to still be broken under Mathematica 10.3 on Windows, consider the following workaround based on the solution provided by Verbeia:

nb = EvaluationNotebook[];
SetOptions[
 nb,
 StyleDefinitions -> 
  Notebook[{Cell[StyleData[StyleDefinitions -> "Default.nb"]], 
    Cell[StyleData["TraditionalForm"], 
     PrivateFontOptions -> {"OperatorSubstitution" -> False}]}]
 ]

For some weird reason the above code snippet does not work when EvaluationNotebook[] is used directly in SetOptions[].