java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found. Android 2.3
I went through LOTS of places in SO and the web to solve this thing. This is the code that worked for me (Android 21):
ByteArrayInputStream derInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(app.certificateString.getBytes());
CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509","BC");
X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate) certificateFactory.generateCertificate(derInputStream);
String alias = "alias";//cert.getSubjectX500Principal().getName();
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
trustStore.load(null);
trustStore.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("X509");
kmf.init(trustStore, null);
KeyManager[] keyManagers = kmf.getKeyManagers();
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("X509");
tmf.init(trustStore);
TrustManager[] trustManagers = tmf.getTrustManagers();
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(keyManagers, trustManagers, null);
URL url = new URL(someURL);
conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
app.certificateString is a String that contains the Certificate, for example:
static public String certificateString=
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIIGQTCCBSmgAwIBAgIHBcg1dAivUzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADCBjDELMAkGA1UE" +
"BhMCSUwxFjAUBgNVBAoTDVN0YXJ0Q29tIEx0ZC4xKzApBgNVBAsTIlNlY3VyZSBE" +
... a bunch of characters...
"5126sfeEJMRV4Fl2E5W1gDHoOd6V==\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
I have tested that you can put any characters in the certificate string, if it is self signed, as long as you keep the exact structure above. I obtained the certificate string with my laptop's Terminal command line. I you need to know more details, let me know.
It looks like the issuer of your certificate is not in the trust store of the 2.3 devices.
Take a look at the root and intermediate ca's of your GoDaddy certificate and check whether the certificates are present on your 2.3 device.
See http://www.andreabaccega.com/blog/2010/09/23/android-root-certification-authorities-list/ for obtaining a list of 2.3 certificates.
When only the root CA is available make sure that your webserver also serves the intermediate certificates upon request.
In case someone need the answer, I finally found the answer after 2 days of google. Basically we need to use custom TrustManager to trusts the CAs in our KeyStore, this is because in Android 2.3.x, the keystore is not being properly used. Credit to https://github.com/delgurth for the CustomTrustManager.
Please refer: https://github.com/ikust/hello-pinnedcerts/issues/2
KeyPinStore.java
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
public class KeyPinStore {
private static final String[] certificates = {"certificate1.crt", "certificate2.crt", "certificate3.crt", "certificate4.crt"};
private static KeyPinStore instance = null;
private SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
public static synchronized KeyPinStore getInstance() throws CertificateException, IOException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new KeyPinStore();
}
return instance;
}
private KeyPinStore() throws CertificateException, IOException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
keyStore.load(null, null);
for (int i = 0; i < certificates.length; i++) {
CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
InputStream caInput = new BufferedInputStream(Application.context.getAssets().open("certificate/" + certificates[i]));
Certificate ca;
try {
ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) ca).getSubjectDN());
} finally {
caInput.close();
}
// Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca" + i, ca);
}
// Use custom trust manager to trusts the CAs in our KeyStore
TrustManager[] trustManagers = {new CustomTrustManager(keyStore)};
// Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager
// SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, trustManagers, null);
}
public SSLContext getContext() {
return sslContext;
}
}
CustomTrustManager.java
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* A custom X509TrustManager implementation that trusts a specified server certificate in addition
* to those that are in the system TrustStore.
* Also handles an out-of-order certificate chain, as is often produced by Apache's mod_ssl
*/
public class CustomTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
private final TrustManager[] originalTrustManagers;
private final KeyStore trustStore;
/**
* @param trustStore A KeyStore containing the server certificate that should be trusted
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws KeyStoreException
*/
public CustomTrustManager(KeyStore trustStore) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException {
this.trustStore = trustStore;
final TrustManagerFactory originalTrustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("X509");
originalTrustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
originalTrustManagers = originalTrustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
}
/**
* No-op. Never invoked by client, only used in server-side implementations
* @return
*/
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
/**
* No-op. Never invoked by client, only used in server-side implementations
* @return
*/
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
}
/**
* Given the partial or complete certificate chain provided by the peer,
* build a certificate path to a trusted root and return if it can be validated and is trusted
* for client SSL authentication based on the authentication type. The authentication type is
* determined by the actual certificate used. For instance, if RSAPublicKey is used, the authType should be "RSA".
* Checking is case-sensitive.
* Defers to the default trust manager first, checks the cert supplied in the ctor if that fails.
* @param chain the server's certificate chain
* @param authType the authentication type based on the client certificate
* @throws java.security.cert.CertificateException
*/
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException {
try {
for (TrustManager originalTrustManager : originalTrustManagers) {
((X509TrustManager) originalTrustManager).checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
}
} catch(CertificateException originalException) {
try {
// Ordering issue?
X509Certificate[] reorderedChain = reorderCertificateChain(chain);
if (! Arrays.equals(chain, reorderedChain)) {
checkServerTrusted(reorderedChain, authType);
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
if (validateCert(reorderedChain[i])) {
return;
}
}
throw originalException;
} catch(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
throw originalException;
}
}
}
/**
* Checks if we have added the certificate in the trustStore, if that's the case we trust the certificate
* @param x509Certificate the certificate to check
* @return true if we know the certificate, false otherwise
* @throws KeyStoreException on problems accessing the key store
*/
private boolean validateCert(final X509Certificate x509Certificate) throws KeyStoreException {
return trustStore.getCertificateAlias(x509Certificate) != null;
}
/**
* Puts the certificate chain in the proper order, to deal with out-of-order
* certificate chains as are sometimes produced by Apache's mod_ssl
* @param chain the certificate chain, possibly with bad ordering
* @return the re-ordered certificate chain
*/
private X509Certificate[] reorderCertificateChain(X509Certificate[] chain) {
X509Certificate[] reorderedChain = new X509Certificate[chain.length];
List<X509Certificate> certificates = Arrays.asList(chain);
int position = chain.length - 1;
X509Certificate rootCert = findRootCert(certificates);
reorderedChain[position] = rootCert;
X509Certificate cert = rootCert;
while((cert = findSignedCert(cert, certificates)) != null && position > 0) {
reorderedChain[--position] = cert;
}
return reorderedChain;
}
/**
* A helper method for certificate re-ordering.
* Finds the root certificate in a possibly out-of-order certificate chain.
* @param certificates the certificate change, possibly out-of-order
* @return the root certificate, if any, that was found in the list of certificates
*/
private X509Certificate findRootCert(List<X509Certificate> certificates) {
X509Certificate rootCert = null;
for(X509Certificate cert : certificates) {
X509Certificate signer = findSigner(cert, certificates);
if(signer == null || signer.equals(cert)) { // no signer present, or self-signed
rootCert = cert;
break;
}
}
return rootCert;
}
/**
* A helper method for certificate re-ordering.
* Finds the first certificate in the list of certificates that is signed by the sigingCert.
*/
private X509Certificate findSignedCert(X509Certificate signingCert, List<X509Certificate> certificates) {
X509Certificate signed = null;
for(X509Certificate cert : certificates) {
Principal signingCertSubjectDN = signingCert.getSubjectDN();
Principal certIssuerDN = cert.getIssuerDN();
if(certIssuerDN.equals(signingCertSubjectDN) && !cert.equals(signingCert)) {
signed = cert;
break;
}
}
return signed;
}
/**
* A helper method for certificate re-ordering.
* Finds the certificate in the list of certificates that signed the signedCert.
*/
private X509Certificate findSigner(X509Certificate signedCert, List<X509Certificate> certificates) {
X509Certificate signer = null;
for(X509Certificate cert : certificates) {
Principal certSubjectDN = cert.getSubjectDN();
Principal issuerDN = signedCert.getIssuerDN();
if(certSubjectDN.equals(issuerDN)) {
signer = cert;
break;
}
}
return signer;
}
}
To use it, just get the SSLSocketFactory and apply it, eg:
with HttpsURLConnection
KeyPinStore keystore = KeyPinStore.getInstance();
SSLSocketFactory sslSF = keystore.getContext().getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/");
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(sslSF);
InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
copyInputStreamToOutputStream(in, System.out);
with Volley
KeyPinStore keystore = KeyPinStore.getInstance();
SSLSocketFactory sslSF = keystore.getContext().getSocketFactory();
RequestQueue mRequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context, new HurlStack(null, sslSF));