Rails create or update magic?

In Rails 4 you can add to a specific model:

def self.update_or_create(attributes)
  assign_or_new(attributes).save
end

def self.assign_or_new(attributes)
  obj = first || new
  obj.assign_attributes(attributes)
  obj
end

and use it like

User.where(email: "[email protected]").update_or_create(name: "Mr A Bbb")

---

Or if you'd prefer to add these methods to all models put in an initializer:

module ActiveRecordExtras
  module Relation
    extend ActiveSupport::Concern

    module ClassMethods
      def update_or_create(attributes)
        assign_or_new(attributes).save
      end

      def update_or_create!(attributes)
        assign_or_new(attributes).save!
      end

      def assign_or_new(attributes)
        obj = first || new
        obj.assign_attributes(attributes)
        obj
      end
    end
  end
end

ActiveRecord::Base.send :include, ActiveRecordExtras::Relation

The magic you have been looking for has been added in Rails 6 Now you can upsert (update or insert). For single record use:

Model.upsert(column_name: value)

For multiple records use upsert_all :

Model.upsert_all(column_name: value, unique_by: :column_name)

Note:

• Both methods do not trigger Active Record callbacks or validations
• unique_by => PostgreSQL and SQLite only

Rails 6

Rails 6 added an upsert and upsert_all methods that deliver this functionality.

Model.upsert(column_name: value)

[upsert] It does not instantiate any models nor does it trigger Active Record callbacks or validations.

Rails 5, 4, and 3

Not if you are looking for an "upsert" (where the database executes an update or an insert statement in the same operation) type of statement. Out of the box, Rails and ActiveRecord have no such feature. You can use the upsert gem, however.

Otherwise, you can use: find_or_initialize_by or find_or_create_by, which offer similar functionality, albeit at the cost of an additional database hit, which, in most cases, is hardly an issue at all. So unless you have serious performance concerns, I would not use the gem.

For example, if no user is found with the name "Roger", a new user instance is instantiated with its name set to "Roger".

user = User.where(name: "Roger").first_or_initialize
user.email = "[email protected]"
user.save

Alternatively, you can use find_or_initialize_by.

user = User.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Roger")

In Rails 3.

user = User.find_or_initialize_by_name("Roger")
user.email = "[email protected]"
user.save

You can use a block, but the block only runs if the record is new.

User.where(name: "Roger").first_or_initialize do |user|
  # this won't run if a user with name "Roger" is found
  user.save 
end

User.find_or_initialize_by(name: "Roger") do |user|
  # this also won't run if a user with name "Roger" is found
  user.save
end

If you want to use a block regardless of the record's persistence, use tap on the result:

User.where(name: "Roger").first_or_initialize.tap do |user|
  user.email = "[email protected]"
  user.save
end